The plight of the poor in low human development countries

Appendix One



HDI
rank
1998 Country
HDI value
1998 GDP per capita
(PPP US$)
1998 GDI
value
1998 Population without access Share of income or consumption
To safe water (%)
1990-98 To health
Services
(%)
1981-93 To sani-tation
(%)
1990-98 Poorest
20%
(%)
1987-98 Richest
20%
(%)
1987-98
140 Lao People’s Dem. Rep. 0.484 1,734 0.469 32 0 - 9.6 40.2
141 Madagascar 0.483 756 0.478 32 0 - 5.1 52.1
142 Bhutan 0.483 1,536 - 42 20 30 - -
143 Sudan 0.477 1,394 0.453 27 30 49 - -
144 Nepal 0.474 1,157 0.449 29 90 84 7.6 44.8
145 Togo 0.471 1,372 0.448 45 - 63 - -
146 Bangladesh 0.461 1,361 0.441 5 26 57 8.7 42.8
147 Mauritania 0.451 1,563 0.441 63 70 43 6.2 45.6
148 Yemen 0.448 719 0.389 39 84 34 6.1 46.1
149 Djibouti 0.447 1,266 - 32 0 - - -
150 Haiti 0.440 1,383 0.436 63 55 75 - -
151 Nigeria 0.439 795 0.425 51 33 59 4.4 55.7
152 Congo, Dem. Rep. of the 0.430 822 0.418 32 0 - - -
153 Zambia 0.420 719 0.413 62 25 29 4.2 54.75
154 Côte d’Ivoire 0.420 1,598 0.401 58 40 61 7.1 44.3
155 Senegal 0.416 1,307 0.405 19 60 35 6.4 48.2
156 Tanzania, U. Rep. of 0.415 480 0.410 34 7 14 6.8 45.5
157 Benin 0.411 867 0.391 44 58 73 - -
158 Uganda 0.409 1,074 0.401 54 29 43 6.6 46.1
159 Eritrea 0.408 833 0.394 32 0 - - -
160 Angola 0.405 1,821 - 69 76 60 - -
161 Gambia 0.396 1,453 0.388 31 - 63 4.4 52.8
162 Guinea 0.394 1,782 - 54 55 69 6.4 47.2
163 Malawi 0.385 523 0.375 53 20 97 - -
164 Rwanda 0.382 660 0.377 21 - - 9.7 39.1
165 Mali 0.380 681 0.371 34 80 94 4.6 56.2
166 Central African Republic 0.371 1,118 0.359 62 88 73 2.0 65.0
167 Chad 0.367 856 - 32 0 - - -
168 Mozambique 0.341 782 0.326 54 70 66 6.5 46.5
169 Guinea-Bissau 0.331 616 0.298 57 36 54 2.1 58.9
170 Burundi 0.321 570 - 48 20 49 7.9 41.6
171 Ethiopia 0.309 574 0.297 75 45 81 7.1 47.7
172 Burkina Faso 0.303 870 0.290 58 30 63 5.5 55.0
173 Niger 0.293 739 0.280 39 70 81 2.6 53.3
174 Sierra Leone 0.252 458 - 66 64 89 1.1 63.4

HDI (Human development index) – composite index based on life expectancy, educational attainment and standard of living. A HDI below 0.500 reflects low human development and well being.

GDI (Gender-related development index) – composite index using same variables as HDI but adjusted in accordance with the disparity in achievement between women and men. A GDI of less than 0.500 show that women in these countries suffer the double deprivation of low overall achievement in human development than men.

Source: UNDP (2000).